N-gun atsam hpe mahkawng da ai ladat amyu myu hpe madung tawn nna,n-gun mahkawng da ai hpaji masa ningu ai daw manga hku garan mai ai: jak n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa, wan n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa, wan n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa, chemical n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa, nbung n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa ni rai nga ai.
◇Wan n-gun mahkawng da ai hpaji masa
◇Chemical n-gun mahkawng da ai hpaji masa
◇N-gun hpe mahkawng da ai hpaji
Hpaji n-gun hpe mahkawng da ai hpaji masa
Chye da ai hte maren, shingra tara hta lwi nga ai hka, shingra nbung, hka leng, hka leng ni zawn re ai, shamu shamawt ai hte byin mai ai atsam amyu myu nga ai; shinggyim masha ni galaw ai lam ni mung, shamu shamawt ai masha, mawdaw, sanghpaw, hka htung ni zawn re ai, shamu shamawt ai hte byin mai ai n-gun law law hpe shabyin ya nga ai. Ndai n-gun atsam yawng gaw, shingra tara kaw na pru wa ai n-gun atsam ni hte shinggyim masha ni galaw ai lam ni a majaw byin pru wa ai n-gun atsam ni yawng gaw, bai gram lajang mai ai n-gun atsam ni rai nga ai. Mechanical energy ngu ai gaw, kinetic hte potential energy hpe shingdaw nna, arai langai a shamu shamawt ai masa hte tsaw ai hpe madi madun ai hkum hkrang n-gun hpe tsun ai re. Arung arai langai a kinetic hte potential energy hpe langai hte langai galai shai ya lu ai; kinetic hte potential energy lapran shada da galai shai ai lam hta, jak n-gun yawng gaw n galai shai ai sha nga ai, ngu ai gaw, jak n-gun hpe makawp maga da ai.
Mechanical energy storage ngu ai gaw, n-gun hpe shinggyin la na matu, n-gun hpe jak n-gun de galai shai nna, ra ai shaloi, wan n-gun de bai galai shai ai hpaji masa re. Masha law malawng lang ai jak n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai ladat ni hta, pumped hydro shinggyin la ai, compressed air shinggyin la lu ai, flywheel n-gun shinggyin la lu ai ladat ni lawm ai. Mechanical energy storage hpaji masa ni gaw, n-gun grai law ai, lawan ai hku bai htang lu ai atsam ni, galu kaba ai aten ni hpe hkam la lu ai majaw, grid tara masa hte lawan ladan n-gun jaw ai lam ni hta htuk manu nga ai. Shanhte a shinggyin la lu ai aten hte shadawn shadang gaw, laksan hpaji masa hta hkan nna n bung ai, minit kaw nna nhtoi du hkra rai nna, n-gun shinggyin la lu ai ra kadawn ai lam amyu myu hpe hkap la lu ai.
Pump galaw ai hka hpe shinggyin tawn da ai:
Pumped hydro storage gaw ya aten hta grau nna jai lang ai n-gun kaba -hkum tsup ai hpaji masa rai nga ai. Shi gaw wan n-gun hpe lang nna, npu-madang na hka htung kaw na hka hpe tsaw ai-madang na hka htung de pump galaw nna, shi a potential energy hpe mahkawng da ai. Wan n-gun grai ra ai aten ni hta, hka hpe shapraw nna, wan n-gun hpe turbine hku nna shapraw ai. Ndai ladat gaw galai shai ai atsam grai law ai (ga shadawn 70%–85%), power grid hta peak-valley shai hkat ai lam ni hpe hkang lu na matu htuk manu ai, shing nrai, shinggyin la lu ai atsam kaba hte ngang grin ai bungli galaw lu ai atsam hpe jaw ya lu ai.
Pumped hydro storage hpe bai gram lajang mai ai n-gun grid hpe hpaw shalawm na matu, jaw ya ai hte ra kadawn ai lam ni hpe rap ra hkra galaw na matu lang chye ai, n-gun galu ai aten galu hte n-gun ja ai reserve atsam hpe lu da ai. Shi a npawt tara hpe sumla 1-1 hta madun da ai.
Compressed nbung n-gun hpe mahkawng da ai:
Compressed air energy hpe shinggyin tawn ai hta, wan n-gun hte galaw ai compressor hpe lang nna nbung hpe shinggyin tawn da nna, ga kata na lungpu ni, tank ni (sh) nbung n-gun dat hka htung ni hta shinggyin tawn da ai lam lawm ai. Wan n-gun ra ai lam law wa ai shaloi, shinggyin tawn da ai nbung hpe shapraw kau nna, katsi shangun nhtawm, wan n-gun shapraw na matu turbine hpe shachyut na matu jai lang ai. Compressed air n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai atsam gaw, n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai atsam kaba -scale, aten galu-hkum tsup lu ai atsam ni hpe jaw ya lu ai, n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai atsam gaw 50% kaw nna 70% du hkra rai nga ai. Ndai efficiencies ni hpe nbung hpe bai gram lajang ai hpaji masa ni hte kayau kaya galaw yang grau kaja wa lu na re. Grid hpe n-gun n-gun hte ngang grin hkra galaw na matu, bai gram lajang mai ai n-gun wan jak kaba ni hte hpawng de na matu htuk manu nga ai.
Flywheel n-gun hpe mahkawng da ai:
Flywheel n-gun hpe mahkawng da ai hta, motor langai hpe lang nna, flywheel hpe lawan ai hku shachyut nna, wan n-gun hpe shinggyin la na matu kinetic energy de galai shai kau ya ai. Ra ai shaloi, flywheel gaw, shamu shamawt ai n-gun hpe wan n-gun de bai galai shai ya na matu, generator lang ai. Flywheel n-gun hpe mahkawng da ai hpaji masa gaw grai lawan ai hku bai htang ai lawan ai (ga shadawn millisecond range hta) hte n-gun kaba ai cycle prat (cycle wan law law du hkra) a majaw chye ai, dai majaw aten kadun {quti}term hte high{inter3}}power n-gun mahkawng da ai grid zawn re ai masa ni a matu htuk manu ai. n-gun (UPS) ni hpe jaw ai. Flywheel n-gun shinggyin ai lam gaw, n-gun galai shai ai lam grai law ai, 85%–95% du hkra rai nga ai, raitim shi a shinggyin ai aten gaw loi mi sha rai nna, aten kadun-n-gun galai shai ai lam ni hpe rap ra hkra galaw na matu lang ai. Hkrang 1-2 hta flywheel n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn ai n-gun atsam masa a schematic diagram hpe madun da ai.
Wan n-gun hpe mahkawng da ai hpaji masa
Electrochemical energy storage ngu ai gaw, wan n-gun hpe electrochemical reaction hku nna, wan n-gun hpe chemical n-gun de galai shai ya nna, shinggyin tawn da nhtawm, ra ai shaloi, wan n-gun de bai galai shai ya ai hpaji masa re. Shi a madung gaw, battery ni hpe charge galaw ai hte discharge galaw ai hku nna n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn da ai hte shapraw kau ai lam rai nga ai. Electrochemical n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa hta lawan ai hku bai htang ai lawan ai, n-gun kaba ai, n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai hku jung lu ai, modular design zawn re ai akyu ni nga ai, dai majaw n-gun bai gram lajang mai ai n-gun grid-matut mahkai ai frequency tara, peak-valley tara, lawan ladan n-gun jaw ai zawn re ai masa ni a matu htuk manu nga ai. Ya aten hta, n-gun atsam hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa ni hta, lead-acid battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, hte flow battery ni lawm nna, langai hte langai gaw laklai ai bungli galaw lu ai atsam, jai lang mai ai lam ni, rawt jat galu kaba wa lu ai atsam ni nga ai. Hkrang nnan jat wa ai n-gun atsam ni law wa ai hte maren, electrochemical n-gun atsam hpe shinggyin tawn da ai gaw mungkan n-gun atsam hkrang galai shai ai lam hta ahkyak ai shara hpe hkam la nga ai rai nna, san seng ai, n-gun n law ai-carbon, shim lum ai n-gun atsam masa hpe lu la na matu ahkyak ai madi shadaw lam langai rai nga ai.
Lead -acid Battery ni:
Lead-acid battery ni gaw aten na na -galaw da ai hte grai lang ai wan n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa langai rai nga ai. Shanhte a npawt tara gaw, lead hte shi a oxide ni hpe kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode arung arai ni hku nna, sulfuric acid hka htung hpe electrolyte hku nna lang nna, wan n-gun n-gun jat ai lam hku nna charge hte discharge galaw ai lam lawm ai. Lead-acid battery ni gaw, galaw shapraw ai manu n law ai, kungkyang ai hpaji masa, kam hpa mai ai lam grai law ai, grai law hkra charge galaw ai hte grai law hkra -discharge galaw ai hpe n-gun ja ai hku ninghkap lu ai atsam ni nga ai rai nna, mawdaw ni hpe hpaw hpang ai battery ni, backup power supply ni, n-gun shinggyin ai ladat ni hta grai lang ai. Raitim, lead-acid battery ni gaw n-gun n law ai, cycle life n law ai, n kaja ai hku kabai kau yang grup yin hpe awu asin byin shangun ai toxic lead lawm ai. Ndai zawn rai tim, lead-acid battery ni gaw, ginra nkau mi hta, grau nna manu jahpu-hkum tsup ai application ni hta, ahkyak ai shara hpe naw hkam la nga ai. Htawm hpang de, grup yin hpe n hkra ai sha, lead-acid battery ni hpe bai jai lang ai lam hte bungli galaw ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ai lam ni gaw ndai hpaji masa hpe gyin shalat na matu ahkyak ai lam ni rai na re.
Nickel-Hpyen n-gun (NiMH) Battery ni:
NiMH battery ni gaw, n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun (nickel hydroxide) hpe n-gun n-gun n-gun (negative electrode) hku lang ai wan n-gun n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa langai rai nga ai. Shanhte gaw n-gun atsam law ai, grup yin hpe n hkra ai, galu kaba ai cycle prat zawn re ai akyu ni hpe jaw ya ai. Moi na battery ni hte shingdaw yu yang, NiMH battery ni hta cadmium hte molybdenum hte seng ai chemical hkrit tsang hpa ni n lawm ai majaw, grup yin hpe grau shim lum hkra galaw ya lu ai. Dai majaw, wan jak ni, hybrid mawdaw ni, htaw mai ai electronic jak ni hta grai lang ma ai. Bai nna, charge-discharge n-gun grai law ai hte makau grup yin amyu myu hta ngang grin ai hku bungli galaw lu ai. Nickel battery ni a madung arawn alai langai gaw, shanhte a n-gun ja ai overcharge hte over-discharge hpe hkam sharang lu ai majaw, shanhte hpe chyahkring hkring charge hte discharge galaw ra ai application ni hta grai kaja ai. Kade nna ai aten hta lithium-ion battery ni rawt jat wa ai majaw NiMH battery ni a gat lawk garan ai lam yawm mat wa ai raitim, shanhte gaw laksan jai lang ai shara ni hta shara hpe naw tawn da nga ai.
Litium -ion wan n-gun ni:
Lithium-ion battery ni gaw, kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode lapran na lithium ion ni hpe bang nna shaw la ai hku nna, n-gun n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai wan n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa langai rai nga ai. Lithium a n-gun n law ai hte n-gun grai law ai majaw, lithium-ion battery ni hpe htaw mai ai electronic jak ni, wan jak mawdaw ni, bai gram lajang mai ai n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn ai jak ni hta grai law hkra jai lang wa sai. Lithium-ion battery ni gaw, galu kaba ai cycle prat hte myit dum ai lam n nga ai zawn re ai akyu ni hpe jaw ya ai, raitim, shimlam hte seng nna mung, grai law hkra charge galaw ai hte grai -discharge galaw ai majaw, thermal runaway byin wa ai zawn re ai akyu ni nga ai. Hpaji masa rawt jat wa ai hte maren, lithium-ion battery ni a shimlum lam hte electrochemical performance ni gaw matut manoi rawt jat wa ai, manu ni mung yawm wa ai majaw, daini na aten hta gat lawk hta jai lang ai n-gun shinggyin battery ni hta grau nna jai lang ai battery langai mi tai wa sai. Htawm hpang de, solid-state electrolytes hte silicon{10}}based anodes zawn re ai hpaji masa ni hpe gyin shalat ai gaw, lithium-ion battery ni a wan n-gun atsam hte shim lum lam hpe grau nna jat wa shangun na re.
Sodium -ion Bateri ni:
Sodium-ion battery ni gaw lai wa sai shaning ni hta lawan ladan rawt jat wa nga ai wan n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji ningnan langai rai nga ai. Shanhte a bungli galaw ai ladat gaw lithium-ion battery ni hte bung ai, dai hta lithium ion ni gaw charge hte discharge galaw na matu kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode lapran hta shingjawng hkat nna n shingjawng hkat ai. Sodium-ion battery ni a akyu gaw, sodium sutgan law law nga ai hte manu n law ai, lithium sutgan shadawn sharam ai kaw na lawt lu ai majaw, n-gun kaba ni hpe mahkawng da na matu grau nna htuk manu ai. Shanhte a n-gun atsam gaw lithium-ion battery ni hta n law tim, sodium-ion battery ni gaw cycle stability, n-gun n law ai -temperature n-gun n law ai, shim lum ai lam ni hta kaja ai hkrang shapraw ai lam ni hpe madun dan ai majaw, htawm hpang rawt jat galu kaba wa na matu ga sadi kaba hpe madun dan nga ai. Ya aten hta, sodium-ion battery ni hpe sawk sagawn ai lam gaw, n-gun atsam hpe jat ya ai, cycle prat hpe galu shangun ai, galaw shapraw ai manu hpe shayawm ya ai lam ni hpe madung tawn nga ai. Matut manoi hpaji masa rawt jat wa ai hte maren, sodium-ion battery ni gaw htawm hpang de n-gun kaba hpe mahkawng da na matu ahkyak ai hparan ladat langai byin tai wa na hpe myit mada nga ai.
Hka lwi ai battery:
Flow battery ngu ai gaw, shinggan tank langai mi hta wan n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn da ai wan n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn ai hpaji masa langai mi re. Shanhte a npawt tara gaw, battery kata na n bung ai electrolyte lahkawng a lapran na electrochemical reaction hku nna n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn da nna shapraw kau ai lam lawm ai. Flow battery ni a ahkyak ai arawn alai langai gaw, shanhte a laksan galai shai lu ai n-gun hte n-gun pru ai lam rai nga ai; shinggyin la lu ai atsam hpe shinggyin la lu ai electrolyte hpe jat bang ai hku nna jat wa lu ai majaw, shanhte hpe laksan hku nna kaba-scale, aten galu-n-gun shinggyin la lu ai application ni a matu htuk manu shangun ai. Masha law malawng lang ai hka htung ni hta vanadium redox hka htung ni hte zinc/bromine hka htung ni lawm ai. Flow battery ni gaw asak galu ai, shim lum ai lam kaja ai, grup yin hpe mung makawp maga ya lu ai raitim, shanhte a shawng nnan na gumhpraw bang ai lam gaw law ai, battery system mung grai sawng ai. Hpaji masa rawt jat wa ai hte maren, n-gun kaba ni hpe mahkawng da ai hta, flow battery ni a atsam gaw, grau nna, bai gram lajang mai ai n-gun grid hpe hpawng de ai lam hte grid tara masa ni hpe jai lang ai lam ni hta, loi loi hte pru wa nga ai.