N-gun hpe mahkawng da ai hpaji

N-gun n-gun, shinggyim masha ni jai lang ai ahkyak dik htum n-gun npawt langai hku nna, madung hku nna shi a bungli galaw ai npawt tara ni hpe madung tawn nna, hkam sha chye ai n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai, makoi magap da ai n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai (phase change) n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai, thermochemical n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai ngu ai daw masum hku garan ginhka da ai. Hpang jahtum na n-gun lang ai lam hta 40% kaw nna 50% du hkra lawm nna, shi a jai lang ai lam ni gaw grai dam lada ai-nga ai. Ya aten na n-gun atsam hpe gyin shalat ai hte jai lang ai masa hta, n-gun atsam hpe galai shai ai lam yawng ngu na daram hta, nbung n-gun atsam lawm ai. Raitim, n-gun galai shai ai shaloi n mai koi gam ai n-gun sum mat ai majaw, n-gun n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji hpe wan n-gun shinggyin ai hta hkrak jai lang ai lam n law ai (dai gaw, shang wa ai hte pru wa ai lahkawng yan wan n-gun rai nga ai masa ni hta). De a malai, n-gun galai shai ai lam hta link langai hku nna (sh) thermal system ni hta sha jai lang ai hku nna grau lang ai.

Sensible katsi hpe mahkawng da ai

Sensible heat storage technology ngu ai gaw, arai langai a nbung n-gun galai shai ai lam hpe jai lang nna, nbung hpe shinggyin la nna shapraw kau ai ladat re. Shi a bungli galaw ai ladat gaw loi loi sha rai nga ai: katsi ai hpe shinggyin tawn ai (sh) shapraw kau ai lam hpe katsi ai (sh) katsi ai hku nna lu la mai ai. Ndai lam hta, dai medium gaw chemical galai shai ai lam (sh) phase galai shai ai lam n hkrum ai majaw, system ting hpe hkang lu na matu loi ai hte ngang grin ai hku bungli galaw lu ai. Dai hta n-ga, dai zawn re ai n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai arung arai amyu myu nga ai rai nna, manu n-htuk ai sha lu la mai ai majaw, -madang kaba ni hta jai lang na matu mung htuk manu nga ai. Ndai hpaji masa gaw grai kungkyang ai sha n-ga, ginra law law hta jai lang mai ai atsam kaba hpe mung madun dan nga ai. Raitim, sensible heat storage hta mung, n-gun n law ai, jak rung kaba ai, aten galu-hkap la ai shaloi, n-gun law law sum mat ai, n-gun n rawng ai pru wa ai nbung katsi ai lam ni zawn re ai mayak mahkak nkau mi hpe mung hkrum sha nga ai. Sensible heat storage media hpe n-gun kaba ai hku garan nna, n-gun rawng ai hte n-gun rawng ai ngu nna lahkawng hku garan mai ai. Masha law malawng lang ai hka n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn ai arung arai ni hta hka, n-gun sau, hka n-gun rawng ai sau, n-gun rawng ai nhprang rai ni lawm ai. Dai ni hta, hka gaw, shi a shimlum lam hte ngang grin ai lam kaja ai majaw, shi a katsi ai hpe shinggyin tawn ai n-gun gaw, 100℃hta n jan ai majaw, jan a n-gun hte hka katsi ai ladat ni hte lamu ga hpe katsi ai hta grai lang ma ai. Thermal oils ni gaw, shanhte a grai kaja ai thermal conductivity hte bungli galaw ai nbung laru n-gun kaba ai majaw, shawng daw na medium- hte high-temperature thermal n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai application ni hta jai lang wa sai; rai tim, shanhte a manu kaba ai, wan hkru chye ai, hte hpaw da ai-loop system ni hta byin mai ai -pressure kaba ai tsin-yam ni a majaw, shanhte hpe kaga grau kaja ai ladat ni hte loi loi hte galai shai kau ra ai. Dai hte nhtan shai ai hku nna, hka lim ai sau ni gaw, shanhte a n-gun n law ai, n-gun n law ai, n-gun n law ai, n-gun n rawng ai, n-gun n rawng ai, n-gun rawng ai ntsin masat masa ni hte htap htuk ai n-gun rawng ai shara ni hta kaja ai hku galaw lu nna, manu n-htuk ai majaw, shanhte hpe grau kaja ai n-gun rawng ai shara langai hku sawn la lu ai. Raitim, grai tsaw ai grup yin nbung katsi ai shara ni hta, hka lim ai sau ni gaw pipeline ni hte dai hte seng ai arung arai ni hpe jahten kau ya lu ai majaw, shanhte a stainless steel hte htuk manu ai lam hte katsi ai hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam hpe matut sawk sagawn nna grau kaja hkra galaw ra ai. Liquid metals ni gaw, grai n-gun ja ai n-gun atsam a majaw, n-gun ja ai-n-gun (600℃jan ) n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hka htung langai hku sawn la ma ai; rai tim, shanhte a grai n-gun ja ai chemical atsam ni hpe yu yang, shimlam ladat ni hpe jat bang ra ai, shanhte a manu kaba ai majaw, shanhte hpe sawk sagawn ai lam a shawng daw hta sha naw tawn da ai.

Masha law malawng lang ai n-gun ja ai nbung hpe shinggyin tawn ai arung arai ni hta concrete, lung seng, n-gun n rawng ai lung seng ni lawm ai. Liquid thermal storage materials hte shingdaw yu yang, solid thermal storage materials gaw grau katsi ai shara hta bungli galaw lu nna, shara langai kaw sha nbung hpe grau law hkra shinggyin la lu ai majaw, ra ai arung arai ni hpe shayawm ya lu nna, yawng hkra a manu hpe mung shayawm ya lu ai.

Latent katsi ai (phase galai shai ai) katsi ai hpe mahkawng da ai

Phase galai shai ai thermal n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa gaw, n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai madung ladat hku nna, latent heat hpe madung tawn nna galaw ai. Ndai hpaji masa gaw, n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn na matu, phase galai shai ai aten hta, n-gun law law hpe hkap la ai (sh) shapraw kau ai hpe jai lang ai. Ndai lam galaw ai aten hta, dai arai a nbung katsi ai lam gaw, n galai shai ai daram sha nga ai. Ndai thermal energy hpe shinggyin tawn ai ladat gaw n-gun kaba ai hte n-gun kaji ai zawn re ai ahkyak ai akyu ni nga ai.

Matter langai kaw nna kaga langai de galai shai wa ai lam hpe phase transition ngu shamying ma ai. Kaja wa nga yang, ndai galai shai ai lam gaw isothermal (sh) ni hte ni ai-isothermal masa hta byin pru wa nna, n-gun kaba galai shai ai lam-n-gun law law hpe hkap la ai (sh) shapraw kau ai hte rau byin pru wa ai. Ndai n-gun hpe phase galai shai ai lam a latent heat ngu nna lachyum shaleng da ai. Grau nna, arung arai law malawng a phase galai shai ai lam hta lawm ai latent heat gaw, sensible heat hta grau kaba ai. Ga shadawn, hka gaw 4.2 kJ/kg·℃daram sha n-gun rawng ai, n-gun rawng ai kaw nna n-gun rawng ai de galai shai wa ai aten (hka de hka lim mat ai) hka gaw 355 kJ/kg n-gun hpe latent heat of phase transition hku nna hkam la lu ai. Dai majaw, n-gun atsam hte seng nna, latent heat of phase transition hpe jai lang ai gaw, sensible heat hpe sha kam hpa ai ladat ni hta grau kaja ai.

Matter a phase galai shai ai lam ni hta madung hku nna, n-gun ja ai-n-gun ja ai, n-gun ja ai-n-gun ja ai, n-gun ja ai-gas, hte n-gun ja ai-gas ngu ai amyu mali lawm ai. Solid-gas hte liquid-gas galai shai ai lam ni hta latent heat manu ni grai law ai raitim, ndai mabyin ni hta ahkyak ai volume galai shai ai lam ni gaw tatut galaw na matu yak hkak ai lam hpe grau jat shangun ai majaw, shanhte hpe jai lang ai lam hpe shadawn sharam sha galaw ya ai. Dai hte nhtan shai ai hku nna, solid-solid phase galai shai ai lam ni gaw, solid arai langai mi crystalline masa langai kaw nna kaga langai de galai shai wa ai shaloi byin pru wa ai rai nna, volume galai shai ai lam kaji ai hte supercooling yawm ai hpe madun dan ai, raitim, shapraw ai (sh) hkap la ai katsi ai lam gaw kaga phase galai shai ai lam ni hta grau n law ai. Solid-liquid phase galai shai ai lam ni hta, matter gaw solid kaw nna liquid masa de galai shai mat ai. Ndai ladat hta ntsin hpe hkam la na matu, laksan hka htung langai mi ra ai raitim, n-gun galai shai ai lam gaw, solid-gas hte liquid-gas phase galai shai ai lam ni hta grau kaji nna, dai hta lawm ai latent heat gaw solid-solid phase galai shai ai lam ni hta grau law ai. Ndai arawn alai ni hpe yu yang, solid-liquid phase galai shai ai lam ni hpe ya aten hta tatut jai lang mai ai hte grau law hkra jai lang mai ai phase galai shai ai thermal storage ladat hku sawn la ma ai.

Ya aten hta, phase change thermal storage hpaji hta jai lang ai arung arai amyu myu nga ai, madung gaw shanhte a chemical nsam hpe madung tawn nna, organic hte inorganic ngu ai lahkawng hku garan nna galaw ai. Organic phase galai shai ai arung arai ni hta madung hku nna paraffin wax, alcohol, hte sau ntsin zawn re ai arung arai ni lawm ai; inorganic phase galai shai ai arung arai ni hpe gaw crystalline hydrated sau, hka lim ai sau, hte magri (sh) shanhte a alloy ni hku nna madun dan ai. Madung hku tsun ga nga yang, organic phase galai shai ai arung arai ni gaw n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun hpe shinggyin la na matu grau htuk manu ai, inorganic phase galai shai ai arung arai ni gaw n-gun n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai atsam hpe n-gun n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai atsam hpe grau kaja hkra madun dan ai.

Thermochemical n-gun hpe mahkawng da ai

Thermochemical nbung n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn ai ladat gaw, unit volume langai hta grai law ai n-gun n-gun hpe gumrawng nga ai, GJ/m3 daram du hkra rai nga ai. Ndai hpe shingdaw yu yang, hkam sha chye ai nbung n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai arung arai ni a energy density gaw -shi hta na langai daram sha rai nna, latent nbung hpe shinggyin la lu ai arung arai ni a energy density gaw daw mi sha rai nga ai. Dai hta n-ga, reactants ni hpe garan ginhka ai hku nna, ndai hpaji masa gaw, nta kata na nbung katsi ai shara hta zero-loss thermal energy hpe shinggyin la lu ai majaw, n-gun kaba-scale hte aten galu-hkum hkrang n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu na matu, myit mada shara nga ai hpaji masa langai hku nna, masha law law sawn la ma ai. N-gun shinggyin ai lam hta lawm ai n bung ai chemical bond galai shai ai lam ni hpe madung tawn nna, thermochemical n-gun shinggyin ai lam hpe madung lahkawng hku nna bai garan ginhka mai ai: chemisorption n-gun shinggyin ai lam hte chemical reaction n-gun shinggyin ai lam.

Chemisorption thermal storage gaw grau nna n-gun n law ai-hkum hkrang n-gun n law ai shara ni hta jai lang na matu grau nna htuk manu ai. Dai gaw, n-gun ja ai n-gun hte nbung n-gun n-gun lapran na hkum hkrang (sh) tsi mawan lapran na n-gun (van der Waals n-gun, electrostatic n-gun, hydrogen bonds zawn re ai) ni a byin pru wa ai hte daw hka mat ai hpe kam hpa nna, katsi ai hpe shinggyin la lu na matu hte shapraw kau lu na re. Ndai hpaji masa hta madung hku nna, garan ginhka ai masa lahkawng lawm ai: langai gaw hka n-gun hpe adsorbate hku jai lang ai hydrated salt masa; kaga langai mi gaw ammonia molecule ni hpe adsorbate hku jai lang ai ammonia n-gun rawng ai ladat re. Table 1-2 hta, law law lang lang lang ai chemisorption thermal storage arung arai law law a laksan amyu bawsang ni, katsi ai hpe shinggyin tawn ai/shapraw ai nbung laru ni, n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn ai n-gun ni hpe madun da ai.

Table 1-2 Masha law malawng lang ai Chemical Adsorption N-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai arung arai ni a atsam ningja ni:

Chemical reaction n-gun n-gun hpe shinggyin la lu ai lam hpe madung hku nna n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun (methane) hpe gram lajang ai, ammonia hpe hpaw shalawm ai hte n-gun shayawm ai, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun (methane hydrides), carbonates, n-gun n-gun oxide, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun (hydroxide) ni lawm ai amyu myu nga ai. Ndai ladat ni gaw, chemical bonds ni hpe daw kau nna bai kahkyin gumdin ai hku nna, thermal energy hpe mahkawng da nna shapraw kau lu ai. Ndai zawn re ai n-gun shinggyin ai lam gaw, n-gun kaba ai, n-gun n-gun kaba ai, bungli galaw ai nbung laru n-gun kaba ai hpe madu da ai. Raitim, tatut jai lang ai lam hta, manu jahpu hpe hkang lu ai, arung arai ni hpe n-gun n rawng hkra galaw lu ai, gas hpe shinggyin tawn lu ai zawn re ai mayak mahkak ni naw nga ai. Dai majaw, seng ang ai bai htang ai lam ni hpe-sung sung sawk sagawn nna, yawng hkra galaw lu na matu, galaw sa wa ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ra ai.

Thermochemical thermal energy hpe shinggyin tawn ai ladat ni hta, grai sawng ai hkrang masa ni hte karum shingtau ai arung arai law law nga ai majaw, shawng nnan hta gumhpraw law law jai lang ra ai. Ya aten hta shanhte a ultra-hkum tsup ai n-gun atsam hpe unit volume langai hta tup hkrak n jai lang shi ai. Dai hta n-ga, shanglawm ai chemical bai htang ai lam ni a yak hkak ai majaw, bai htang ai lam a n-gun hpe hkrak tup hkang lu na matu yak hkak nga ai, bai htang ai lam nkau mi hta shimlam hte seng nna grai ngang kang ai ra kadawn ai lam ni nga ai, dai majaw, yawng hkra a hkamja lam hpe grau nna shatsaw ya lu ai. Dai majaw, ndai lam ni hpe hparan na matu, thermochemical thermal energy shinggyin la lu ai hpaji masa hpe grau nna-sung sung sawk sagawn ra ai.