Residential a sut masa lamEV charge galaw aigalaw shapraw ai ni n law htum tsun sang lang dan ai ladat ni hte matut mahkai ai variable ni hta madung nga ai. Wan n-gun manu jahpu hkrang masa ni, charge galaw ai hardware n-gun yawm mat ai lam ni, install galaw ai lam hta yak hkak ai lam ni, mawdaw-hpe laksan charge hkap la ai manu ni yawng gaw, asan sha "na a kWh hpe na a raminate hte na a raminate hte law law jat bang u" ngu ai laika buk kaw na -kalang lang grai shai hkat ai manu jahpu ni hpe shapraw lu na matu hpawng de da ai. Ndai laika buk gaw, n bung ai nbung laru ginra ni hta nga ai nta ni hta jung da ai shara ni kaw na, utility filings, DOE efficiency standards, hte lamu ga shadawn ai lam ni kaw na lu la ai data ni hte dai n bung ai lam ni hpe hparan ya ai.
Na a wan n-gun jahpu gaw nang hpe masu ai (Sort Of)
Ngai gaw nye a mawdaw ngai hpe gara hku manu jahpu jaw ra ai hpe chye na na matu, nye a utility bill hta lawm ai nambat gaw lachyum n pru ai daram re ai hpe n chye na shi yang, nye a charge manu hpe shata lahkawng tup hkan tam ai.
Ndai kaw manghkang nga ai. US kaw na nta kaw nga ai customers law malawng gaw tiered rate jaw ai. Na a shawng na 500 kWh gaw $0.08 manu rai na re. Hpang na 500 gaw $0.12 re. 1,000 kWh jan ai yawng gaw $0.18 (sh) dai hta jan nna hkawm ai. Dai majaw marai langai ngai "na a wan n-gun manu kade rai ta?" tengman ai mahtai gaw "nye madu jan gaw mani AC hpe run ai kun ngu ai hta madung nga ai."
Lahkawng ngu na (sh) masum ngu na tsang hta lawm sai nta langai mi hta EV langai mi hpe jat bang ai gaw, dai mawdaw hta nang bang ai kWh langai hpra gaw na a 100 hta du wa ai lachyum re.shingdurate-nang jaw ai hta grau tsaw ai. San Diego kaw na bungli manang langai mi gaw shi a "manu n-htuk ai" nta charge galaw ai gaw teng sha $0.42/kWh manu re ai hpe mu tam wa ai, hpa majaw nga yang SDG&E a ntsa tsang gaw n hkru n kaja ai hte shi a pool pump gaw shi hpe dai de shadut kau sai.
-lang ai aten- (TOU) masing ni gaw ndai jahpan hpe tsep kawp galai shai kau ya ai. TOU npu hta, wan n-gun lang ai aten hta hkan nna, manu n bung ai hku jaw ra ai. Peak manu (ga shadawn 4-9 PM) gaw California hta $0.35-0.55/kWh du hkra rai lu ai. Off-peak (galaw madang 11 PM kaw nna 6 AM du hkra) hta $0.08-0.15 de hkrat sum mat ai. Arbitrage ahkaw ahkang gaw dan dawng nga ai: shana tup charge galaw u, shani tup charge galaw na manu hta na htam masum hta na htam mi hpe jaw u.
Raitim-dai hpe kadai mung n tsun ai-TOU de galai ai gaw na anta ting. Dai 5 PM hta hka shin ai load hpe kun? Ya gaw htam masum grau manu dan sai. Shana shat sha ngut ai hpang dishwasher hpe kun? Bung ai. Ngai gaw dinghku ni shanhte a EV a matu TOU de galai nna, jahtum e gumhpraw jaw ra ai hpe mu yu saihta n gaoverall gaw shanhte a kaga akyang lailen ni hpe n galai shai ai majaw re.
Teng sha bungli galaw ai shamu shamawt lam: na a utility jaw ai rai yang EV charge galaw na matu laksan meter langai mi la u. Ga shadawn, PG&E a EV-B rate gaw, aten hpe n sawn ai sha, flat $0.22/kWh rate hta, ap nawng da ai meter hpe jaw ya ai. Game n nga ai, galai shai ai laundry schedule n nga ai, mau hpa lam ni n nga ai. Utility hku nna install galaw na matu $200-400 ra ai. Ging dan ai.
Kadai mung n tsun shaga ai 15%
Na a mawdaw a display kaw 50 kWh jat bang ai ngu ka da ai. Na a wan meter hta 58 kWh hpe ka da ai. Kaga 8 kWh gaw gara de sa mat ai kun?
Charge sum ai lam ni. Shanhte gaw teng sha nga ai, koi yen n mai ai, masha law malawng myit mada ai hta grau kaba ai.
Physics: Na a bunghku kaw na AC power hpe DC de galai nna battery hpe charge galaw ra ai. Dai galai shai ai lam gaw katsi ai hpe shabyin ya ai. Battery hkum nan charge hkap la ai shaloi, katsi ai hpe shapraw ya ai. Dai mawdaw a katsi ai hpe hkang lu ai jak gaw, dai katsi ai hpe hkang lu na matu, fan hte pump ni hpe galaw ya ai. Ndai lam ni yawng gaw na a battery de galoi mung n du ai wan hpe sha kau ya ai.
Idaho Mungdan Laboratory a chyam dinglik ai lam hta, Level 2 charge galaw lu ai atsam gaw 85-94% kaw nna rai nna, grup yin nbung katsi ai lam hta grai madung nga ai hpe mu lu ai. Katsi ai aten gaw sat ai wa re-20℃F hta, sum ai lam gaw 20% jan mai byin ai, hpa majaw nga yang mawdaw gaw charge hpe atsawm sha hkap la na matu battery hpe katsi shangun ra ai majaw re. Ndai lam hpe ngai Minnesota February shata hta yak hkak ai hku sharin la lu ai, dai shaloi ngai shana tup "full charge" gaw 85% sha rai nga ai, hpa majaw nga yang, mawdaw gaw current n hkap la shi yang, pack hpe hkying hkum mi tup katsi shangun ai majaw re.
Tesla a mawdaw ni gaw, grau kaja ai thermal management a majaw, grau kaja ai n-gun (90-94%) de du wa chye ai. Nissan Leafs dingsa ni gaw passive katsi ai hte npu daw kaw dung nga ai. Ya aten na EV law malawng gaw 88-90% grup yin hta nbung katsi ai shara ni hta shinggrup nga ai.
Ndai gaw na a gumhpraw dum a matu hpa lachyum rai kun: wan n-gun $0.12/kWh rai nna, na a mawdaw a n-gun atsam gaw 88% rai yang, na anyam aimanu gaw $0.136/kWh re. kWh battery hta, dai gaw charge hpring shagu $1.20 jat bang ra ai. Laning mi jan aten tup charge galaw ai shaloi, n mu lu ai sum ai lam $150-200 hpe tsun nga ai. Catastrophic n re, raitim hpa n re ai n re.
Tengman ai Driver ni kaw na Tengman ai Nambat ni
Ngai gaw nye a buga madu ni a hpung kaw EV madu marai 47 hpe san sagawn yu ai. Ndai gaw shanhte teng sha jaw ai gumhpraw re:
Nta kaw charge galaw ai (pat-peak TOU):Mile mi hta $0.03-0.05 daram re. Lawu tsang gaw Nevada kaw na Model 3 madu langai rai nna, NV Energy rate grai kaja ai wa re. Dai high end gaw California mungdan na hka htung ni a matu laklai ai.
Nta kaw gumhpraw bang ai (flat rate):Mile mi hta $0.04-0.08 daram re. Midwest mungdaw ni hta manu n-htuk ai wan n-gun gaw low end hpe uphkang nga ai. Sinpraw dingda lam ni gaw shanhte a legacy grid npawt nhpang ni hte tsaw dik ai shara hpe shadut ya ai.
Bungli galaw ai shara kaw gumhpraw bang ai:Mile mi hta $0.00-0.04 re. Rai sai, bungli shara kaw manu jahpu n jaw ra ai sha charge galaw ai. Company ni wan n-gun manu hpe chye na wa ai hte maren, grau n law wa nga ai, raitim, tech campus ni hte shawng lam hpe myit mada ai bungli madu nkau mi gaw, dai hpe naw jaw nga ai.
Shawa DC lawan ai hku charge galaw ai:Mile mi hta $0.12-0.25 daram re. Ndai shara kaw manu dan wa ai. Wan jak America gaw gat law law hta $0.43/kWh manu jahpu jaw ai. Lam hkawm ai shaloi, hybrid mawdaw hta mile mi hta manu grau law hkra loi loi hte jai lang mai ai.
Ngai hpe mau shangun ai outlier: madu langai mi gaw shi a gat seng kaw na manu jahpu n jaw ra ai ChargePoint station ni hta sha manu jahpu jaw ai. Shi gaw shi a gat sa ai hkrun lam ni hpe charge galaw ai aten hte maren masat da ai, hkrun lam langai hta deng 15-20 daram tsan ai shara de du lu ai, shi a mawdaw hta wan n-gun n jaw ai shata 8 rai sai ngu tsun ai. Dai gaw ngai n dang shingdaw lu ai frugality hpe ap nawng ai lam re.
Install galaw ai manu: Math gaw gara kaw n kaja wa ai
Charger hkum nan mung manu n hkrat ai. amp Level 2 ngang kang ai unit langai gaw $400-600 daram manu dan ai. Installation galaw ai kun? Dai kaw she lam ni grau sawng wa ai.
Ngai hpe "standard" installation galaw na matu $1,800 n jaw mayu ai langai mi hpe n mu shi yang, wan jak galaw ai masha marai mali hte tsun shaga yu sai. Awng dang ai bid gaw $650 hte du wa ai, 200+ EV charger install galaw ngut sai hte shi galaw nga ai hpe atsawm chye ai la langai kaw na re. Dai sum mat ai bid ni gaw, n teng n man ai lam ni a matu asan sha padding galaw nga ai general electrician ni kaw na rai nga ai.
Manu jahpu hpe teng sha dawdan ya ai lam ni:
- Panel atsam nga ai.Ndai gaw kaba ai re. 100-amp panel hpe central AC hte galaw nga sai, wan n-gun hte hka ja ai jak, kaga 240V n-gun nkau mi hpe 40-amp EV circuit a matu shara n nga na re. Panel hpe 200 amps de gram lajang ai shaloi, na a utility ra kadawn ai lam hte buga na bungli galaw masha ni a manu hta hkan nna $2,000-4,500 daram ra ai. Ngai gaw, service shang wa ai shara ting hpe galai ra ai nta dingsa ni hta $6,000+ a hkrit hpa mabyin ni hpe na yu sai.
- Panel kaw nna charger du hkra tsan ai.Wire lagaw shagu gaw manu jat ya ai. Ngai pe 25 daram gat ai shaloi, arung arai $150 daram ra ai. Pe 100 daram hprawng nna, garan tawn da ai mawdaw daru de sa na kun? Dai hpe masum lang jat nna, hka htung (sh) hka htung hpe hka htung galaw na matu bungli galaw ai lam hpe mung jat bang ai.
- Permit ra ai lam ni.Nkau mungdaw ni hta 240V circuit nnan ni a matu ahkang hte jep joi ai lam ni ra ai. Kaga ni gaw n galaw ai. Permit hkum nan gaw $50-150 daram sha re, raitim, jep joi ai aten ladaw gaw na a aten ladaw hta bat law law jat ya lu ai.
- Ya nga ai npawt nhpang gawgap lam ni.Na a mawdaw daru makau e 240V pru ai shara lu sai-welder (sh) hka htung dingsa a matu rai na re? Portable EVSE hpe sha bang nna, hardwired install hpe tsep kawp n galaw mai ai. Ngai chye ai masha langai mi gaw, Tesla Mobile Connector hpe bai jai lang ai hka ja ai shara kaw lang nga ai. Kaja wa bungli galaw ai.
Ngai a htingbu wa hpe $800 hkye la lu ai mau hpa ladat langai: shi hkum nan charger hpe bang ya ai (dai gaw box langai hpe jung nna wire masum hpe matut da ai sha re) wan jak galaw ai wa hpe panel bungli galaw shangun nna cable hpe sha galaw shangun ai. EVSE hpe noi na matu minit shi daram aten la ra tim, wan jak galaw ai ni gaw "full install" a matu premium hkanse shaw la ma ai.
Payback Period: Masha shagu shut ai jahpan
EV hpe madi shadaw ai ni gaw, nta kaw na charger gaw "shata kru laman shi hkum shi manu jahpu jaw ai" ngu tsun ai hpe ngai mu yu sai. "Galoi mung gumhpraw hte seng nna lachyum n pru ai" ngu kam shut ai ni tsun ai hpe ngai mu yu sai. Lahkawng yan gaw math hpe shut ai hku galaw nga ai.
Teng ai shingdaw ai lam gaw "nta kaw charge galaw ai hte wan sau" n re. Dai gaw "nta kaw na charge galaw ai hte kaga hku galaw na hpa mung." Nang bungli galaw ai shara kaw manu jahpu n jaw ra ai charger ni hta charge galaw na rai yang, nta kaw na charger gaw pure expense re. Nang gaw $0.43/kWh Electrify America wan jak ni hpe lang ai rai yang, nta kaw na charger langai gaw kalang ta ngu na daram gumhpraw bai wa na re.
Masha ni galoi mung san ai majaw, ngai nan sawn la ai:
Charger manu: $500 (Grizzl-E, n-gun ja ai)
Install galaw na matu: $650 (kaja ai quote lu ai)
Yawng bang ai gumhpraw: $1,150
Shaning shagu mawdaw gau ai: ~12,000 mile. Mawdaw a n-gun: 3.5 mile/kWh. Dai gaw shaning shagu 3,430 kWh re.
Nta kaw charge galaw ai manu: $0.11/kWh × 3,430=$377/shaning
Mung shawa manu jahpu jaw na kaga ladat: $0.35/kWh × 3,430=$1,200/shaning
Shaning shagu gumhpraw mahkawng da ai: $823. Hpang jahtum: 1.4 ning.
Ya gaw, wan sau hte shingdaw yu ga. Ngai na mawdaw dingsa gaw 32 mpg lu ai. Gallon mi $3.50 hte deng 12,000 hkawm yang $1,312 ra ai. Nta kaw na EV hpe $377 manu jahpu jaw ra ai. Dai gaw $935/shaning hta sau hkoi shap ai-rai tim, "payback" framing gaw mau hpa byin wa ai, hpa majaw nga yang, nang gaw mawdaw mari ai lam yawng hpe shingdaw ai, charge galaw ai hparan ladat ni hpe sha n-ga.
Teng man ai mahtai: nang gaw deng law law mawdaw gau nna, wan n-gun manu n-gun rawng ai rai yang, nta kaw charge galaw ai gaw kaga ladat langai ngai hte shingdaw yang, gumhpraw hte seng nna grai law hkra akyu nga ai. Laning mi hta deng 5,000 mawdaw gau nna kaga shara kaw manu jahpu n jaw ra ai sha charge galaw lu ai rai yang, nta kaw na setup gaw galoi mung n htang wa na re.
Aten ladaw shai hkat ai lam hte kaga myit n pyaw hpa lam ni
Ngai gaw mile langai sha mawdaw gau tim, katsi majan aten na wan jahpu 40% rawt jat wa na hpe kadai mung n sadi jaw ai.
Katsi ai aten hta lam masum gaw hpawng de wa ai. Langai, battery n-gun yawm mat ai-lithium-ion chemistry gaw 40℃F npu hta n kaja ai hku n galaw lu ai. Lahkawng, EV kata na cabin hpe katsi shangun ai gaw wan n-gun hte n-gun rawng ai, engine kaw na waste heat n re. Heater hpe full blast hte galaw yang range hpe 25-35% shayawm lu ai. Masum, mawdaw gaw charge n hkap la shi yang, battery hpe katsi shangun ra ai majaw, charge sum ai lam law wa ai.
Tatut hta nambat ni: nye a August shata na mawdaw a matu wan manu gaw $28 daram re. January shata hta $52 re. Commute langai sha, mawdaw gau ai ladat langai sha, mawdaw langai sha. Ngai hpe ninghkap ai bungli galaw ai physics sha re.
Summer gaw katsi ai shara ni hta shi a ari jaw ai lam nga ai. AC load gaw heating hta grau nna brutal n re, raitim manu jahpu n jaw ra ai. Bai nna, jan a npu e mawdaw jung da ai rai yang, mawdaw dung nga ai aten hta pyi battery thermal management gaw bungli galaw nga ai, charge hpe loi loi hte shayawm kau ya ai (dai hta n-ga, galai ra na gumhpraw mung jai lang ra na re).
Shawng nnan hkyen lajang ai gaw karum ya ai. EV law malawng gaw mawdaw hpe plug bang da ai aten hta katsi shangun ai (sh) katsi shangun ai majaw, n-gun gaw battery kaw na n re ai sha grid kaw na pru wa ai. Ndai gaw mawdaw gau na matu range hpe makawp maga ya ai. Ngai gaw katsi ai jahpawt ni hta n pru shi yang minit 15 daram hta ndai hpe app kaw na trigger galaw ai akyang hpe hkam la sai.
Ngai manang langai hpe tsun dan na
Bungli kaw na masha langai mi gaw Hyundai Ioniq 6 mawdaw langai mi hpe sha mari la nna, charge galaw na matu hpaji jaw na matu ngai hpe san ai. Ndai kaw ngai tsun ai hpe roughly hku nna ka da ai:
Nta kaw charger bang na matu hkum htingnut. 120V trickle charger hte shata mi tup nga nga u. Na a teng man ai mawdaw gau ai ladat ni gara hku galaw ai hpe yu u. Nang mu lu na re, shana tup Level 1 charge galaw ai gaw, na a ra kadawn ai lam ni a matu teng sha ram sai-shani shagu deng 30-40 daram mawdaw gau ai masha law law gaw dai hpe kaja ai hku galaw ma ai, nang gaw $1,000+. hpe sha hkye la lu sai.
Level 2 ra ai rai yang, quote masum hpe n law htum lu la u. Wan jak contract galaw ai ni a manu jahpu hta shai hkat ai lam gaw n mai byin ai. Bai nna, na a utility hpe san yu u-law malawng gaw EVSE hpe jung na matu $500-1,000 jaw ai hpe masha ni san na matu n chye ai majaw shat sha ku ntsa kaw tawn da ai.
Na a wan n-gun manu hpe lata la mai ai lam ni hpe yu unrai shi yangnang gaw ayan charge galaw hpang ai. Standard nta manu hte EV-optimized TOU manu lapran na shai hkat ai lam gaw $50/shata rai mai ai. Raitim, nang gaw rate galai na matu proactive hku hpyi shawn ra ai-utilities ni gaw nang hpe shi hkrai shi galai shai na n re.
TOU manu ni a matu aten masat da ai charge hpe teng sha n ra ai rai yang, WiFi- hpe hpaw da ai charger hpe lai kau u. "Smart" ngu ai ni gaw law malawng gaw gimmick ni rai nga ai. Grizzl-E (sh) Lectron kaw na $400 manu ai dumb charger gaw nang hpe daw jau na zawn, lang ai lam law malawng a matu $800 manu ai matut mahkai ai unit langai mung nang hpe daw jau na re.
Hpang jahtum: hpang jahtum na gumhpraw sen shagu hpe optimize galaw na matu hkum myit tsang. Rai sai, 8 PM a malai 11 PM hta charge galaw ai gaw TOU rates hta gumhpraw hkoi ya ai. Raitim, kalang lang malap nna, peak kaw charge galaw yang, nang bankrupt byin na n re. EV charge galaw ai a sut masa lam yawng gaw, wan sau hte shingdaw yang grai kaja ai majaw, hkum tsup ai lam hpe n ra ai. Hkrak ai aten hta charge galaw u. Kalang lang loi mi grau jaw u. Mai sai.
Lahta na lam gaw, nang scroll galaw ai hpe ngai chye ai majaw:nta kaw charge galaw ai EV madu law malawng gaw wan n-gun hpe mile mi hta $0.03-0.06 jaw ra ai. Dai gaw, wan sau manu hta na htam masum kaw nna mali hta na htam mi daram re. Installation hte arung arai ni gaw na a wan masa hta hkan nna $800-2,500 daram ra ai. Payback gaw 1-3 ning laman mawdaw gau ai ni a matu aten la ra ai. Dai hpang, nang gaw mile langai mi hta gumhpraw mahkawng da ai sha rai nga ai.
Math gaw bungli galaw ai. N ni ai pyi n re, teng sha tsun ga nga yang. Dai majaw, n-gun ja ai lam gaw, n-gun ja ai lam ni hta rai nga ai-gara rate plan, gara charger, gara installer-rai tim, npawt nhpang sut masa gaw, shaning shagu deng 8,000 jan mawdaw gau ai kadai mung, nta EV charge galaw ai hpe grai ra sharawng ai.
Tara kasa nkau mi tsun ai zawn manu n hkrat ai kun? N rai, kalang mi nang gaw efficiency sum ai lam ni hte teng man ai rate structure ni hpe jahpan galaw ai shaloi. Kam shut ai ni tsun ai hta grau manu dan ai kun? Bai nna n re. Tengman ai lam gaw boringly moderate rai nga ai: dai gaw wan sau hta grau manu dan ai, mung shawa charge galaw ai hta grau manu dan ai, upfront investment gaw hkam la mai ai. Dai gaw sexy hku dawdan ai lam n re, raitim, hkrak ai hku dawdan ai lam re.